Auriginal ← Tiers

Sensor-physics baselines & citations

The numbers behind the readings

When Auriginal shows a plain-language reading on a verification page — “location pinned to ~2.6 m,” “gravity 9.8 m/s²,” “magnetic field 30 µT” — it is comparing a signed sensor value against a real-world baseline. Every baseline traces to a government agency, an international standard, peer-reviewed research, or an official Apple specification. They are listed here so any reading can be checked against its source.

Hard physical constant or formal international standard. Spec official manufacturer specification. Soft typical-usage estimate — real values vary, labelled “estimate.”

1. Earth's magnetic field magnitude Hard

~25–80 µT as a real phone reads it. Earth's core field is ~25–65 µT at the surface (up to ~70 µT near the poles, ~25 µT near the magnetic equator); local steel, vehicles and electronics add tens of µT, so genuine outdoor and everyday readings commonly run to ~80 µT. Readings in that band are treated as normal; outside it is flagged unusual.

Earth is a giant weak magnet; a real phone reads roughly 25–80 µT once nearby metal and location nudge the core 25–65 µT field — a fingerprint of a real place.

The core 25–65 µT surface range is established fact; the ~80 µT upper is that range plus qualitative local distortion (“tens of µT” from nearby metal), not a fixed constant.

Sources: USGS FS-236-95 NOAA/NCEI World Magnetic Model NCEI Geomagnetism FAQ

2. Standard atmospheric pressure & pressure–altitude Hard

Sea-level standard = 1013.25 hPa (29.92 inHg) at 15 °C. Pressure falls ~12 hPa per 100 m near sea level.

Air pushes down at a known standard pressure at sea level and thins out predictably as you climb; a barometer that tracks altitude the way physics says is behaving like a real one.

The International Standard Atmosphere is a formal standard; the sea-level value is exact by definition. Weather varies ±~30 hPa day to day (normal).

Sources: ICAO Doc 7488 / ISO 2533 (International Standard Atmosphere) · NOAA National Weather Service glossary (1013.25 hPa sea-level standard)

3. Illuminance (lux) for common scenes Soft Hard (office)

Direct sun ~32,000–100,000 lux; full daylight ~10,000–25,000; overcast ~1,000–2,000; sunrise/sunset ~400 down to ~1–10; typical office 300–500 lux (design standard); clear full-moon night ~0.25–1.

Sunlight is thousands of times brighter than a lit room, which is thousands of times brighter than moonlight — a photo's brightness should match the scene it claims to show.

The office figure is a genuine standard (Hard). Outdoor values are nominal ranges (Soft — daylight varies with sun angle, cloud, and season); CIE standardizes sky distribution, not absolute lux.

Sources: IES recommended illuminance & EN 12464-1 (office 300–500 lux); CIE Standard Overcast Sky and Clear Sky

4. Civilian GPS horizontal accuracy Spec

Signal-in-space worst case ≤7.8 m at 95% (U.S. government guarantee); typical modern smartphone ~4.9 m radius under open sky (estimate); high-quality receivers ≤2.168 m. Degrades near buildings and trees.

A phone GPS pins you to within about a car-length under open sky — enough to place a photo, but it can't fake a location without the physics lining up.

≤7.8 m is an official commitment; the ~4.9 m smartphone figure is gps.gov's stated typical device performance (estimate).

Sources: GPS.gov accuracy GPS SPS Performance Standard

5. Selfie / arm's-length capture distance Soft

~25–50 cm from the face (bent arm ~30 cm, extended ~50 cm); anthropometric arm reach caps ~70 cm. Explicitly an estimate.

You physically can't hold a phone more than about half a meter from your own face — a genuine selfie's depth falls in a narrow, arm-length band.

Apple's 25–50 cm (published for Face ID) is the best authoritative anchor; ~70 cm is a hard anthropometric ceiling.

Sources: Apple — About Face ID advanced technology U.S. Army / UMTRI ANSUR anthropometry

6. iPhone depth-sensing ranges Spec

TrueDepth (front) effective ~25–50 cm for faces (useful ≤~1 m); LiDAR (rear Pro) maps a room up to ~5 m indoors (approximate).

The front sensor is tuned for a face at arm's length; the rear LiDAR maps a room out to about five meters — both leave a real 3D depth signature a flat photo of a surface can't.

TrueDepth 25–50 cm is official spec. LiDAR “~5 m” is Apple's operational range (condition-dependent); presented as “approximately 5 m.”

Sources: Apple Face ID doc Characterization of the iPhone LiDAR-Based Sensing System (NIH/PMC)

7. Ambient sound levels (dB) Soft

Quiet room ~30–40 dBA; normal indoor / conversation ~50–60 dBA; busy street / traffic ~70–85 dBA. EPA benchmarks: ~45 dBA indoors / ~55 dBA outdoors; >70 dBA sustained risks hearing loss.

A quiet room, a chatty room, and a busy street each sit in a distinct loudness band — a video's soundtrack should match the place it claims to be from.

EPA 45 / 55 / 70 dBA are official reference levels; the room / conversation / traffic numbers are typical illustrative levels (estimate) from government health agencies.

Sources: U.S. EPA 550/9-74-004 CDC/NIOSH noise

8. Human hand tremor / hand-held micro-motion Hard

Physiological tremor has a characteristic ~8–12 Hz neural component (weaker bands ~2–4 Hz, ~20–25 Hz). Added device mass lowers amplitude but not the frequency.

No one can hold a phone perfectly still — a real hand-held shot carries a tiny, unavoidable 8–12 Hz shake a static or synthetic source doesn't.

The 8–12 Hz band is well-established; amplitude varies by person, posture, and mass, so the robust invariant is the frequency band.

Sources: Neuroscience Letters (8–12 Hz component) PubMed 11018494 Smartphone-measured tremor spectrum (NIH/PMC)

9. Typical walking speed Hard

Comfortable adult walking ≈ 1.3–1.4 m/s (~5 km/h); meta-analytic usual pace 1.31 m/s; range ~1.1–1.65 m/s.

People walk at a remarkably consistent ~1.4 m/s — motion in a real walking video should move the world by about that much per second.

Strong peer-reviewed support; quoted as a ~1.3–1.4 m/s central value with normal spread.

Source: Outdoor Walking Speeds of Apparently Healthy Adults — Systematic Review & Meta-analysis (NIH/PMC)

10. iPhone main (wide) camera FOV / focal length Spec

48 MP main, 24 mm-equivalent focal length, ƒ/1.78. 24 mm-equiv ≈ ~84° diagonal / ~74° horizontal / ~53° vertical angle of view (geometrically derived).

The iPhone's main camera sees the world through a fixed 24 mm-equivalent window about 84° wide — a real photo's geometry has to be consistent with that lens.

Focal length, megapixels, and aperture are official specs; FOV in degrees is derived (“approximate, calculated from the 24 mm equivalent”).

Source: Apple — iPhone 14 Pro Max Technical Specifications

11. Standard gravitational acceleration Hard

g₀ = 9.80665 m/s² (standard gravity, exact by definition). Actual surface gravity varies ~9.78 m/s² (equator) to ~9.83 m/s² (poles). A phone at rest reads ~1 g on its accelerometer.

Gravity pulls everything down at a steady, known rate; a phone that's really being held feels that constant ~1 g pull — a basic reality check that it's a physical device in the world.

g₀ is exact by definition; local surface gravity varies ~±0.3% with latitude and altitude (expected, not anomalous).

Source: NIST CODATA — standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s²)

Every user-facing baseline maps to an entry above. Read the tier explainer for how the grades relate to these readings.